2 pm: Make the dough by combining all the ingredients under the dough subheading. Mix with a stand mixer or by hand until dough is smooth and pliable. Allow dough to rest for 3-7 hours.
Evening (8 or 9 pm): Divide the dough into 8 equal parts. Shape the bagels by poking a hole and rolling outwards, or by rolling the divided though into a rope and then rolling the ends together in a loop. Set the bagels on a tray (taking care that they do not touch each other), cover with plastic wrap or other material and place in fridge overnight.
Next morning: Preheat the oven to 450 F. Boil water (and if using, baking soda) in a pot.
If you are topping the bagels, pile the toppings on a plate. The more there are, the easier they will stick to the bagels.
Once water has boiled, drop as many bagels as will fit in the pot without crowding, taking care that they do not stick to the bottom of the pot (gently dislodge and stir with a spatula if they do). Boil each bagel for 30-60 seconds, and remove with a wire strainer or other tool.
If you are topping the bagels, press the bagels into the toppings (on all sides, if desired) after removing the bagels from the boiling water, while the bagels are still warm and damp.
Transfer the bagels onto a baking tray and bake for 20-25 minutes, or until golden brown.